PRODUCT DESIGN
Product design is concerned with the efficient and effective generation and development of ideas through a process that leads to new products.
Product designers conceptualize and evaluate ideas, making them tangible through products using a systematic approach.
Their role is to combine art, science and technology to create tangible three-dimensional goods.
The role of product designers has been facilitated by digital tools that allow designers to communicate, visualize and analyze ideas in a way that would have not been possible in the past.
Product design is synonymous with industrial design, since industrial design concerns processes that bring artistic form and usability to aid mass production of goods.
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INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
Industrial design is a combination of applied art and applied science, whereby the aesthetics, ergonomics and usability of products may be improved for marketability and production.
The role of an industrial designer is to create and execute design solutions towards problems of form, usability, physical ergonomics, marketing, brand development and sales.
The term "industrial design" is often attributed to the designer Joseph Claude Sinel in 1919, but the discipline has its origin in the industrialization of consumer products. For instance the Deutscher Werkbund, founded in 1907 and a precursor to the Bauhaus, was a state-sponsored effort to integrate traditional crafts and industrial mass-production techniques in Germany.
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Industrial Design is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer.
HISTORY of INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
The art of enhancing the look and value of products, Industrial Design started developing in the 20th century.
During the later half of the nineteenth century, the consumer goods industry grew rapidly which necessitated the creation of designer goods, owing to the competition in the market.
Consumers were ready to spend more on luxury goods and lush interior decorations for homes.
In those times, industrial design wasn't a well - defined professional activity. The craftsmen and artists were engaged in industrial designing activities by industrialists, who promoted the development of prototypes for their products.The bulk of industrial designing during the 1920s was carried out in the field of automobiles, electrical appliances and the new inventions.
The engineers though, invented useful items for the public, but lacked the creativity needed to enhance the look of these products.
Trained artists from different art schools, were hired for the creation of commercial art, in order to facilitate the designing of industrial products.The Great Depression of 1929, proved an opportunity in disguise for industrial designers to display their skills.
Frederick W. Taylor, a mechanical engineer by profession, played an important role in improving industrial efficiency during this period.
The profession of industrial designing was institutionalized owing to the surge in demand for industrial designers.
Institutions, like the American Designers Institute and the Society of Industrial Designers, were established in the years 1938 and 1944 respectively.
The two institutions were merged in 1965 to form the Industrial Designers Society of America.
DESIGN
Design informally refers to a plan for the construction of an object or a system (as in architectural blueprints, engineering drawing, business process, circuit diagrams and sewing patterns).
However, one can also design by directly constructing an object (as in pottery and graphic design).
One of the many accepted definitions of design originates from Carnegie Mellon's School of Design, "Design is the process of taking something from its existing state and moving it to a preferred state."
According to the Chartered Society of Designers, “design is a force that delivers innovation that in turn has exploited creativity”. The definition also extends to products that have been produced using an industrial process.
According to the ICSID (International Council of Societies of Industrial Design), "Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles.
The person designing is called a designer (such as a fashion designer, concept designer or web designer). A designer’s sequence of activities is called a design process. The scientific study of design is called design science.
Designing often necessitates considering the aesthetic, functional, economic and sociopolitical dimensions of both the design object and design process.
It may involve considerable research, thought, modeling, interactive adjustment, and re-design. Meanwhile, diverse kinds of objects may be designed, including clothing, graphical user interfaces, skyscrapers, corporate identities and business processes.
DESIGN DISCIPLINES
· Applied arts
· Fashion Design
· Game Design
· Graphic Design
· Industrial Design Engineering
· Interior Design
· Product Design
· Process Design
· Instructional Design
· Web Design
· Service design
DESIGN AND ART
Today the term design is widely associated with the Applied arts as initiated by the teachings at the Bauhaus and Ulm School of Design (HfG Ulm) in Germany beginning with the early 20th Century.
The boundaries between art and design are blurred, largely due to a range of applications both for the term 'art' and the term 'design'.
Applied arts has been used as an umbrella term to define fields of industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, etc.
To a degree, some methods for creating work, such as employing intuition, are shared across the disciplines within the Applied arts.
Mark Getlein suggests the principles of design are "almost instinctive", "built-in", "natural", and part of "our sense of 'rightness'."
DESIGN & ENGINEERING
In engineering, design is a component of the engineering process.
Many overlapping methods and processes can be seen when comparing Product design, Industrial design and Engineering.
The American Heritage Dictionary defines design as: "To conceive or fashion in the mind; invent," and "To formulate a plan",
and
defines engineering as: "The application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical ends such as the design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and economical structures, machines, processes, and systems.".
Both are forms of problem-solving with a defined distinction being the application of "scientific and mathematical principles".
The increasingly scientific focus of engineering in practice, however, has raised the importance of new more "human-centered" fields of design.
How much science is applied in a design is a question of what is considered "science". Along with the question of what is considered science, there is social science versus natural science.
DESIGN & PRODUCTION
The relationship between design and production is one of planning and executing.
In theory, the plan should anticipate and compensate for potential problems in the execution process.
Design involves problem-solving and creativity. In contrast, production involves a routine or pre-planned process.
A design may also be a mere plan that does not include a production or engineering process, although a working knowledge of such processes is usually expected of designers.
In some cases, it may be unnecessary and/or impractical to expect a designer with a broad multidisciplinary knowledge required for such designs to also have a detailed specialized knowledge of how to produce the product.
Design and production are intertwined in many creative professional careers, meaning problem-solving is part of execution and the reverse.
It would be wrong to say that production never involves problem-solving or creativity, and that design always involves creativity.
Designs are rarely perfect. The imperfection of a design may require a production professional to utilize creativity or problem-solving skills to compensate for what was overlooked in the design process.
PROCESS DESIGN
"Process design" (in contrast to "design process" mentioned above) refers to the planning of routine steps of a process aside from the expected result.
Processes (in general) are treated as a product of design, not the method of design.
The term originated with the industrial designing of chemical processes.
With the increasing complexities of the information age, consultants and executives have found the term useful to describe the design of business processes as well as manufacturing processes.
AESTHETICS
Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste, and with the creation and appreciation of beauty.
It is more scientifically defined as the study of sensori-emotional values, sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste.
More broadly, scholars in the field define aesthetics as "critical reflection on art, culture and nature."M.E (INDUSTRIAL DESIGN) @ PUNJAB ENGINEERING COLLEGE University of Technology, CHANDIGARH
Product design is concerned with the efficient and effective generation and development of ideas through a process that leads to new products.
Product designers conceptualize and evaluate ideas, making them tangible through products using a systematic approach.
Their role is to combine art, science and technology to create tangible three-dimensional goods.
The role of product designers has been facilitated by digital tools that allow designers to communicate, visualize and analyze ideas in a way that would have not been possible in the past.
Product design is synonymous with industrial design, since industrial design concerns processes that bring artistic form and usability to aid mass production of goods.
·
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
Industrial design is a combination of applied art and applied science, whereby the aesthetics, ergonomics and usability of products may be improved for marketability and production.
The role of an industrial designer is to create and execute design solutions towards problems of form, usability, physical ergonomics, marketing, brand development and sales.
The term "industrial design" is often attributed to the designer Joseph Claude Sinel in 1919, but the discipline has its origin in the industrialization of consumer products. For instance the Deutscher Werkbund, founded in 1907 and a precursor to the Bauhaus, was a state-sponsored effort to integrate traditional crafts and industrial mass-production techniques in Germany.
·
Industrial Design is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer.
HISTORY of INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
The art of enhancing the look and value of products, Industrial Design started developing in the 20th century.
During the later half of the nineteenth century, the consumer goods industry grew rapidly which necessitated the creation of designer goods, owing to the competition in the market.
Consumers were ready to spend more on luxury goods and lush interior decorations for homes.
In those times, industrial design wasn't a well - defined professional activity. The craftsmen and artists were engaged in industrial designing activities by industrialists, who promoted the development of prototypes for their products.The bulk of industrial designing during the 1920s was carried out in the field of automobiles, electrical appliances and the new inventions.
The engineers though, invented useful items for the public, but lacked the creativity needed to enhance the look of these products.
Trained artists from different art schools, were hired for the creation of commercial art, in order to facilitate the designing of industrial products.The Great Depression of 1929, proved an opportunity in disguise for industrial designers to display their skills.
Frederick W. Taylor, a mechanical engineer by profession, played an important role in improving industrial efficiency during this period.
The profession of industrial designing was institutionalized owing to the surge in demand for industrial designers.
Institutions, like the American Designers Institute and the Society of Industrial Designers, were established in the years 1938 and 1944 respectively.
The two institutions were merged in 1965 to form the Industrial Designers Society of America.
DESIGN
Design informally refers to a plan for the construction of an object or a system (as in architectural blueprints, engineering drawing, business process, circuit diagrams and sewing patterns).
However, one can also design by directly constructing an object (as in pottery and graphic design).
One of the many accepted definitions of design originates from Carnegie Mellon's School of Design, "Design is the process of taking something from its existing state and moving it to a preferred state."
According to the Chartered Society of Designers, “design is a force that delivers innovation that in turn has exploited creativity”. The definition also extends to products that have been produced using an industrial process.
According to the ICSID (International Council of Societies of Industrial Design), "Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles.
The person designing is called a designer (such as a fashion designer, concept designer or web designer). A designer’s sequence of activities is called a design process. The scientific study of design is called design science.
Designing often necessitates considering the aesthetic, functional, economic and sociopolitical dimensions of both the design object and design process.
It may involve considerable research, thought, modeling, interactive adjustment, and re-design. Meanwhile, diverse kinds of objects may be designed, including clothing, graphical user interfaces, skyscrapers, corporate identities and business processes.
DESIGN DISCIPLINES
· Applied arts
· Fashion Design
· Game Design
· Graphic Design
· Industrial Design Engineering
· Interior Design
· Product Design
· Process Design
· Instructional Design
· Web Design
· Service design
DESIGN AND ART
Today the term design is widely associated with the Applied arts as initiated by the teachings at the Bauhaus and Ulm School of Design (HfG Ulm) in Germany beginning with the early 20th Century.
The boundaries between art and design are blurred, largely due to a range of applications both for the term 'art' and the term 'design'.
Applied arts has been used as an umbrella term to define fields of industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, etc.
To a degree, some methods for creating work, such as employing intuition, are shared across the disciplines within the Applied arts.
Mark Getlein suggests the principles of design are "almost instinctive", "built-in", "natural", and part of "our sense of 'rightness'."
DESIGN & ENGINEERING
In engineering, design is a component of the engineering process.
Many overlapping methods and processes can be seen when comparing Product design, Industrial design and Engineering.
The American Heritage Dictionary defines design as: "To conceive or fashion in the mind; invent," and "To formulate a plan",
and
defines engineering as: "The application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical ends such as the design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and economical structures, machines, processes, and systems.".
Both are forms of problem-solving with a defined distinction being the application of "scientific and mathematical principles".
The increasingly scientific focus of engineering in practice, however, has raised the importance of new more "human-centered" fields of design.
How much science is applied in a design is a question of what is considered "science". Along with the question of what is considered science, there is social science versus natural science.
DESIGN & PRODUCTION
The relationship between design and production is one of planning and executing.
In theory, the plan should anticipate and compensate for potential problems in the execution process.
Design involves problem-solving and creativity. In contrast, production involves a routine or pre-planned process.
A design may also be a mere plan that does not include a production or engineering process, although a working knowledge of such processes is usually expected of designers.
In some cases, it may be unnecessary and/or impractical to expect a designer with a broad multidisciplinary knowledge required for such designs to also have a detailed specialized knowledge of how to produce the product.
Design and production are intertwined in many creative professional careers, meaning problem-solving is part of execution and the reverse.
It would be wrong to say that production never involves problem-solving or creativity, and that design always involves creativity.
Designs are rarely perfect. The imperfection of a design may require a production professional to utilize creativity or problem-solving skills to compensate for what was overlooked in the design process.
PROCESS DESIGN
"Process design" (in contrast to "design process" mentioned above) refers to the planning of routine steps of a process aside from the expected result.
Processes (in general) are treated as a product of design, not the method of design.
The term originated with the industrial designing of chemical processes.
With the increasing complexities of the information age, consultants and executives have found the term useful to describe the design of business processes as well as manufacturing processes.
AESTHETICS
Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste, and with the creation and appreciation of beauty.
It is more scientifically defined as the study of sensori-emotional values, sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste.
More broadly, scholars in the field define aesthetics as "critical reflection on art, culture and nature."M.E (INDUSTRIAL DESIGN) @ PUNJAB ENGINEERING COLLEGE University of Technology, CHANDIGARH
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